Ammunition designed for target practice at shooting ranges often differs significantly from ammunition intended for personal protection. Target ammunition typically prioritizes accuracy and cost-effectiveness, frequently using a full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet design. This construction promotes consistent flight and minimizes barrel fouling, making it suitable for high-volume shooting. In contrast, self-defense rounds emphasize stopping power, often employing hollow-point or other expanding bullet designs to transfer maximum energy upon impact. These differing design philosophies reflect the distinct purposes of these ammunition types.
The distinction between these ammunition categories is critical for both safety and effectiveness. Using incorrect ammunition can lead to suboptimal performance and potentially dangerous situations. For example, FMJ projectiles designed for range use may overpenetrate a target in a self-defense scenario, posing a risk to bystanders. Conversely, specialized self-defense rounds might not provide the consistent accuracy desired for target shooting or properly cycle in firearms not designed for them. Understanding these differences has become increasingly important with the rise in both recreational shooting and concealed carry practices.